/*
  http-oauth - OAuth Extensions to jdk.httpserver
  Copyright (C) 2021  Ulrich Hilger

  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
  published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
  License, or (at your option) any later version.

  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU Affero General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
  along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
package de.uhilger.httpserver.oauth;

import com.sun.net.httpserver.Authenticator;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.Headers;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpExchange;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpPrincipal;
import de.uhilger.httpserver.auth.realm.Realm;
import de.uhilger.httpserver.base.HttpResponder;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.JwtException;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import io.jsonwebtoken.security.Keys;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.Key;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

/**
 * Die Klasse Authenticator authentifziert gem&auml;&szlig; OAuth-Spezifikation 
 * "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: Bearer Token Usage"
 * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6750
 * 
 * weitere Info-Links
 * https://www.oauth.com/oauth2-servers/making-authenticated-requests/refreshing-an-access-token/
 * https://swagger.io/docs/specification/authentication/bearer-authentication/
 * 
 * @author Ulrich Hilger
 * @version 1, 08.06.2021
 */
public class BearerAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
  
  /** Der Logger dieser Klasse */
  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(BearerAuthenticator.class.getName());
  
  public static final String STR_SLASH = "/";
  public static final String STR_BLANK = " ";
  public static final String STR_COMMA = ",";
  public static final String STR_EMPTY = "";
  public static final String STR_EQUAL = "=";
  public static final String STR_QUOTE = "\"";
  
  public static final String AUTHORIZATION = "Authorization";
  public static final String WWW_AUTHENTICATE = "WWW-Authenticate";
  
  public static final String BEARER = "Bearer";
  public static final String REALM = "Realm";
  public static final String ERROR = "error";
  public static final String ERROR_DESC = "error_description";
  
  public static final String MSG_INVALID_TOKEN = "invalid_token";
  public static final String MSG_TOKEN_EXPIRED = "The access token expired";
  
  /** Status code Unauthorized (401) */
  public static final int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
  
  private Realm realm;
  
  private String wwwAuthRealm;
  
  private String principalAuthRealm;
  
  /** der Schluessel zur Signatur von Tokens */
  protected final Key key;
  
  private long expireSeconds;
  
  private long refreshSeconds;
  
  private long refreshExpire;

  public BearerAuthenticator() {
    key = Keys.secretKeyFor(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256);  
  }
  
  @Override
  public Result authenticate(HttpExchange exchange) {
    logger.info(exchange.getRequestURI().toString());
    String jwt = getToken(exchange);
    if(jwt.equals(STR_EMPTY)) {
      return unauthorized(exchange);
    } else {
      try {
        Claims body = Jwts.parserBuilder().setSigningKey(key).build().parseClaimsJws(jwt).getBody();
        Date issueDate = body.getIssuedAt();
        Date refreshDate = Date.from(issueDate.toInstant().plusSeconds(refreshSeconds));
        Date now = new Date();
        if(now.before(refreshDate)) {
          String jwtUserId = body.getSubject();
          try {
            HttpPrincipal pp = new HttpPrincipal(jwtUserId, getPrincipalAuthRealm(exchange));
            Result result = new Authenticator.Success(pp);
            return result;
          } catch (Exception ex) {
            logger.log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            return new Authenticator.Failure(SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
          }
        } else {
          return unauthorizedExpired(exchange);
        }
      } catch (JwtException ex) {
        // we *cannot* use the JWT as intended by its creator
        // z.B. Expiration Date ueberschritten oder Key passt nicht
        //sessions.remove(jwt);
        return unauthorized(exchange);
      }        
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * Anmelden
   * 
   * @param userId  die Kennung des Benutzers
   * @param password  das Kennwort des Benutzers
   * @return Token oder null, wenn die Anmeldung misslang
   */
  public LoginResponse login(String userId, String password) {
    if (realm.isValid(userId, password)) {
      LoginResponse r = new LoginResponse();
      String token = createToken(userId, expireSeconds);
      r.setToken(token);
      r.setRefreshToken(createToken(userId, refreshExpire));
      r.setExpiresIn(expireSeconds);
      return r;
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }
  
  public LoginResponse refresh(String refreshToken) {
    String userId = validateRefreshToken(refreshToken);
    if (userId != null) {
      LoginResponse r = new LoginResponse();
      String token = createToken(userId, expireSeconds);
      r.setToken(token);
      r.setRefreshToken(createToken(userId, refreshExpire));
      r.setExpiresIn(expireSeconds);
      return r;
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }

  /**
   * 
   * Hinweis: Die Methode setExpiration des JWT laesst einen Token 
   * am entsprechenden Zeitpunkt ungueltig werden. Ein Lesen des Token 
   * laeuft dann auf einen Fehler und man kann nicht ermitteln, ob der 
   * Fehler wegen des Ablaufs des Token oder aus anderem Grund entstand.
   * 
   * Eine Gueltigkeitsdauer, die bei Ablauf einen Refresh des Tokens 
   * siganlisieren soll, kann nicht mit diesem Ablaufdatum realisiert werden.
   * 
   * @param userId
   * @return 
   */
  private String createToken(String userId, long expire) {
    Date now = new Date();
    Date exp = Date.from(now.toInstant().plusSeconds(expire));       
    String jws = Jwts
            .builder()
            .setSubject(userId)
            .setIssuedAt(now)
            .setExpiration(exp)
            .signWith(key)
            .compact();
    return jws;
  }
  
  /**
   * Bis auf weiteres wird hier der Token nur darauf geprueft, ob er ein 
   * gueltiger JWT ist, der mit dem Schluessel dieses Authenticators 
   * erzeugt wurde.
   * 
   * Evtl. wird es in Zukunft noch noetig, weitere Kriterien einzubauen, 
   * z.B. ob er zu einem Token aussgegeben wurde, der noch gilt.
   * 
   * @param refreshToken
   * @return die Benutzerkennung aus dem Refresh Token, wenn der 
   * Refresh Token fuer einen Token Refresh akzeptiert wird, null wenn nicht.
   */
  public String validateRefreshToken(String refreshToken) {
    try {
      Claims body = Jwts.parserBuilder().setSigningKey(key).build().parseClaimsJws(refreshToken).getBody();
      String jwtUserId = body.getSubject();
      return jwtUserId;
    } catch (JwtException ex) {
      // we *cannot* use the JWT as intended by its creator
      // z.B. Expiration Date ueberschritten oder Key passt nicht
      //sessions.remove(jwt);
      return null;
    }        
  }
  
  /**
   * Den Token aus dem Authorization Header lesen
   * 
   * z.B. Authorization: Bearer mF_9.B5f-4.1JqM
   * 
   * @param exchange
   * @return der Token oder STR_EMPTY, falls 
   * kein Token gefunden wurde
   */
  private String getToken(HttpExchange exchange) {
    String token = STR_EMPTY;
    Headers headers = exchange.getRequestHeaders();
    String auth = headers.getFirst(AUTHORIZATION);
    if(auth != null) {
      String[] parts = auth.split(BEARER);
      if(parts != null && parts.length > 1) {
        token = parts[1].trim();
      }
    } else {
      // unschoen, aber fuer Image-Links in HTML-Inhalten
      // mit Query versuchen
      // z.B.
      //   GET /resource?access_token=mF_9.B5f-4.1JqM HTTP/1.1
      //   Host: server.example.com
      String query = exchange.getRequestURI().getQuery();
      if(query != null && query.toLowerCase().contains("access_token")) {
        String[] parts = query.split("&");
        for(String part : parts) {
          String[] keyVal = part.split("=");
          if(keyVal[0].equalsIgnoreCase("access_token")) {
            token = keyVal[1].trim();
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return token;
  }
  
  /**
   * Den Eintrag fuer das 'realm'-Attribut 
   * im WWW-Authenticate Header bestimmen
   * 
   * @param exchange 
   * @return  den Ausdruck fuer den WWW-Authenticate Header 
   */
  protected String getWWWAuthRealm(HttpExchange exchange) {
    return wwwAuthRealm;
  }
  
  /**
   * Den Namen des Realms bestimmen, wie er fuer authentifizierte Benutzer 
   * vom Principal ausgegeben wird
   * 
   * @param exchange
   * @return  den Namen des Realms 
   */
  protected String getPrincipalAuthRealm(HttpExchange exchange) {
    return principalAuthRealm;
  }
  
  /**
   * Wenn die Anfrage eine Token enthaelt, der gemaess setRefreshSeconds 
   * abgelaufen ist und einen Refresh erfordert.
   * 
   *  HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
   *  WWW-Authenticate: Bearer realm="example",
   *                    error="invalid_token",
   *                    error_description="The access token expired"
   * 
   * @param exchange
   * @return 
   */
  protected Result unauthorizedExpired(HttpExchange exchange) {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.append(BEARER);
    sb.append(STR_BLANK);
    sb.append(REALM);
    sb.append(STR_EQUAL);
    sb.append(STR_QUOTE);
    sb.append(getWWWAuthRealm(exchange));
    sb.append(STR_QUOTE);
    sb.append(STR_COMMA);
    sb.append(STR_BLANK);
    sb.append(ERROR);
    sb.append(STR_EQUAL);
    sb.append(STR_QUOTE);
    sb.append(MSG_INVALID_TOKEN);
    sb.append(STR_QUOTE);
    sb.append(STR_COMMA);
    sb.append(STR_BLANK);
    sb.append(ERROR_DESC);
    sb.append(STR_EQUAL);
    sb.append(STR_QUOTE);
    sb.append(MSG_TOKEN_EXPIRED);
    sb.append(STR_QUOTE);
    Headers headers = exchange.getResponseHeaders();
    headers.add(WWW_AUTHENTICATE, sb.toString());
    HttpResponder r = new HttpResponder();
    try {
      r.antwortSenden(exchange, SC_UNAUTHORIZED, STR_EMPTY);
    } catch (IOException ex) {
      logger.log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    }
    return new Authenticator.Retry(SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
  }
  
  /**
   * Wenn die Anfrage keinen Token enthaelt
   * 
   * HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
   * WWW-Authenticate: Bearer realm="example"
   * 
   * @param exchange
   * @return das Ergebnis
   */
  protected Result unauthorized(HttpExchange exchange) {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.append(BEARER);
    sb.append(STR_BLANK);
    sb.append(REALM);
    sb.append(STR_EQUAL);
    sb.append(STR_QUOTE);
    sb.append(getWWWAuthRealm(exchange));
    sb.append(STR_QUOTE);
    Headers headers = exchange.getResponseHeaders();
    headers.add(WWW_AUTHENTICATE, sb.toString());
    HttpResponder r = new HttpResponder();
    try {
      r.antwortSenden(exchange, SC_UNAUTHORIZED, STR_EMPTY);
    } catch (IOException ex) {
      logger.log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    }
    return new Authenticator.Retry(SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
  }
  
  public void setRealm(Realm realm) {
    this.realm = realm;
  }
  
  public void setWWWAuthRealm(String wwwAuthRealm) {
    this.wwwAuthRealm = wwwAuthRealm;
  }
  
  public void setPrincipalAuthRealm(String principalAuthRealm) {
    this.principalAuthRealm = principalAuthRealm;
  }
  
  public void setExpireSeconds(long seconds) {
    this.expireSeconds = seconds;
  }
  
  public void setRefreshSeconds(long seconds) {
    this.refreshSeconds = seconds;
  }
  
  public void setRefreshExpireSeconds(long seconds) {
    this.refreshExpire = seconds;
  }
}